Paediatric Glaucoma
Pediatric glaucoma is a serious eye condition caused by higher-than-normal pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). This increased pressure damages the optic nerve and retina, leading to gradual vision loss.
In infants and children, pediatric glaucoma may also cause :
- Enlargement of the eye
- Clouding of the front surface of the eye (cornea)
- Development of lazy vision (amblyopia)
Early diagnosis and timely treatment are critical to preserving vision.
Symptoms of Pediatric Glaucoma
Signs of glaucoma in children may include:
- Enlarged or bulging eyes
- Wobbly eyes in children
- Cloudy or hazy appearance of the cornea
- Sensitivity to light
- Excessive tearing
- Reduced or blurred vision
Because children may not be able to describe vision problems, regular eye examinations are essential.
Treatment of Pediatric Glaucoma
Pediatric glaucoma is treated by lowering the pressure inside the eye. Treatment options may include a combination of medications and surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.
Your child may require frequent follow-up visits to:
- Measure eye pressure
- Monitor optic nerve health
- Treat associated amblyopia using eyeglasses or eye patching
Medical Treatment
Medications may be used to:
- Reduce the production of eye fluid
- Improve drainage of fluid from the eye
Pediatric Glaucoma Eye Surgery
Dr. Anupama Vyas will carefully evaluate whether your child will benefit most from surgical treatment or continued medical therapy.
Surgery is often required in pediatric glaucoma to achieve long-term pressure control.
Surgical Treatment Options
Trabeculotomy & Goniotomy
These procedures involve creating a surgical opening in the eye’s drainage system (trabecular meshwork) to allow fluid to drain more freely and reduce intraocular pressure.
Goniotomy is an internal trabeculotomy commonly used in congenital glaucoma.
Trabeculectomy
A surgical procedure in which part of the eye’s drainage tissue is removed to create a new pathway for fluid to exit the eye.
- Cyclophotocoagulation A laser is used to treat selected areas of the ciliary body, reducing the production of eye fluid. This procedure is typically reserved for severe or advanced cases of childhood glaucoma.
Laser Procedures
Laser treatments may be used alone or in combination with other surgeries, including:
- Iridotomy A laser creates a small opening in the iris (colored part of the eye) to improve fluid flow within the eye.
Problems Related to Pediatric Glaucoma
Pediatric glaucoma is often more challenging to treat than adult glaucoma. Multiple surgeries may be required over time.
Common Associated Conditions
Amblyopia (Lazy Vision)
Occurs in up to 90% of children. with glaucoma
Treated with eyeglasses (or contact lenses) and eye patching
Often caused by corneal clouding or unequal focusing between the eyes
Strabismus & Nystagmus
Strabismus (eye crossing) and nystagmus (involuntary eye movement) occur in up to 50% of children
These conditions can often be improved or corrected with eye muscle surgery
Cataracts
Occur in approximately 20% of children with glaucoma
Dense cataracts require surgical removal, followed by glasses or contact lenses
Corneal Problems
About 5% of children may require a corneal transplant due to significant clouding of the cornea
Long-Term Outlook
While pediatric glaucoma is a complex condition, **early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and lifelong monitoring** can significantly improve visual outcomes. Some children may require multiple procedures over months or years, but many are able to maintain useful vision with proper care.
Key Message for Parents
Pediatric glaucoma is a treatable condition, but it requires early intervention and ongoing follow-up. If you notice any unusual eye symptoms in your child or have concerns about vision development, consult a pediatric eye specialist promptly.