Allergic & Infective Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, commonly known as “pink eye”, is the inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelids. It can be allergic or infective, each with different causes and treatments.
1. Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, animal dander, or eye drops
- Usually affects both eyes
- Common in children with seasonal allergies
Symptoms:
- Red, itchy, and watery eyes
- Swelling of eyelids
- Stringy discharge or tearing
- Occasional sneezing or runny nose
2. Infective Conjunctivitis
Caused by bacteria or viruses.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis:
- Usually unilateral at onset, can spread to both eyes
- Thick yellow or green discharge
- Redness and irritation
Viral Conjunctivitis:
- Often associated with cold or respiratory infections
- Watery discharge
- Redness, mild irritation, sometimes light sensitivity
- Highly contagious
Causes
- Allergic: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, chemical irritants
- Bacterial: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Haemophilus species
- Viral: Adenovirus, herpes simplex virus
- Contact lens misuse or poor hygiene
Symptoms
- Redness of the eye(s)
- Itching or irritation
- Watery or mucous discharge
- Swelling of eyelids
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia) in severe cases
- Crusting of eyelashes, especially in bacterial infection
Diagnosis
- Visual inspection of the eye
- Slit-lamp examination
- Swab or culture if bacterial infection is suspected
- Allergy testing if allergic conjunctivitis is recurrent
Management & Treatment
Allergic Conjunctivitis
- Avoid allergens (dust, pollen, pets)
- Lubricating artificial tears
- Antihistamine or anti-allergy eye drops
- Cold compresses to relieve itching
Infective Conjunctivitis
- Bacterial: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments
- Viral: Usually self-limiting; supportive care with lubricants and hygiene
- Maintain good hand hygiene to prevent spread
- Avoid sharing towels, pillows, or eye cosmetics
Prognosis
- Most cases resolve within 1–2 weeks with proper care
- Early diagnosis prevents complications such as corneal ulcers or vision impairment
- Allergic conjunctivitis may recur seasonally; management focuses on symptom relief and allergen avoidance
Key Message
Allergic and infective conjunctivitis are common and treatable eye conditions. Timely identification, proper treatment, and good hygiene practices can relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and protect vision.