Paediatric Cataract
Paediatric cataract is a condition in which the natural lens of a child’s eye becomes cloudy. This may be present from birth (congenital) or can develop later during childhood (developmental).
Timely treatment of paediatric cataract is extremely important because a child’s visual system is still developing. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent vision loss or lazy eye (amblyopia).
Types of Paediatric Cataract
1. Congenital Cataract
- Present at birth or develops within the first year of life
- May affect one eye (unilateral) or both eyes (bilateral)
- Can be associated with genetic or family history
2. Developmental Cataract
- Develops later during childhood
- Gradually causes reduction in vision
- More commonly detected in school-going children
Causes of Paediatric Cataract
Symptoms & Signs
Children may not clearly express vision problems, so parents should watch for the following signs:
- White or grey reflection in the center of the eye
- White pupil (leukocoria)
- Misalignment of eyes (squint)
- Nystagmus (shaking movements of eyes)
- Closing eyes in bright light
- Poor visual response or not following toys
- Blurred vision or learning difficulties in school-age children
Diagnosis
Management & Treatment
Non-Surgical Management
Non-surgical treatment may be advised when the cataract is small and does not significantly affect vision.
- Regular observation and follow-up
- Spectacles for visual correction
- Amblyopia therapy (eye patching)
Surgical Management
Paediatric cataract surgery is performed to create a clear visual pathway and support normal vision development.
- Removal of the cloudy natural lens
- Implantation of an Intraocular Lens (IOL), depending on the child’s age
Post-Surgery Care & Prognosis
Post-Surgery Care
Post-operative care after paediatric cataract surgery is just as important as the surgery itself to achieve the best visual outcome.
- Regular follow-up visits with the eye specialist
- Use of spectacles or contact lenses
- Amblyopia (eye patching) therapy
- Eye drops as prescribed
- Long-term vision monitoring over the years
Prognosis (Vision Outcome)
- Early surgery with proper follow-up can result in excellent vision
- Delay in treatment may lead to lazy eye or permanent vision loss
- Active parent cooperation plays a crucial role in visual recovery